Black Holes, Gravity and Time (Part - 1)

NASA Visualization Shows a Black Hole's Warped World | NASA

 

              Black Holes are the most intriguing structures in the Cosmos which left many of the people puzzled. So, what exactly is a Black Hole. Black Holes are the beginning of the end of a star(supernova). When stars run out of fuel (hydrogen) and all of the elements formed (oxygen and Iron) settle in the core of the star, the star pushes itself towards its core as the core itself becomes unstable. 

              All of the particles of that star are concentrated towards its core, and the outer layers are blown away, giving out a lot of gamma radiation, light and new elements (gold platinum,etc). And the rest is a black hole. The Black Hole contains mass of about a thousands to billions of mass of our Sun concentrated to about 100km in diameter. Let me make a point here, gravitational force is more when there is more mass. And there is more gravity when the object has less radii. 

              For example, take two objects (A,B) with same mass, compress A a lot towards its core. Both A and B had same gravitational force at the start but as we compress A, object A has comparatively more gravitational force than object B now. Hence, when we compress any object towards its core, its gravity increases. This happens as the matter in object A comes closer generating more frictional and gravitational force.

              And here, there is mass about billion trillions of kgs compressed to a small radius. Black Holes only form when there is mass of about thousands of our Sun. The rest of the stars form a neutron star (concept coming soon). Now, we know how a Black Hole is formed. Let's study its structure.

Let's Talk About Black Holes | ChandraBlog | Fresh Chandra News

               The surface of Black Holes are called Event Horizon. This is the place of no-return meaning once you are here, you cannot return from here. The Singularity or the Black Hole Shadow is the place where all the matter is compressed to infinitely tiny point. Here there exists no time and no space. The Accretion Disc is where light/matter revolves around the Black Hole.

              How and why does not time exist in the singularity of a Black Hole? Before answering this question, we need to know the relation between Gravity, Speed and Time. Where there is more gravity, the time slows and vice versa, this is due to gravitational time dilation. If you attain speed of light which is the absolute speed limit i.e, (nothing can travel faster than this, according to Einstein), the time slows down to zero. And this explains the reason why there exists no time in Black Hole. 

              You may ask, with this we can travel in time, but it is not that easy as you think, my friend. When we fall into a Black Hole, we experience Spaggetification, meaning we get stretched horizontally due to the massive gravitation, resulting in one's death. And speaking about Absolute Speed Limit, to attain that we need mass that is near to zero and infinite energy to move that faster. But, still if you come out of a Black Hole, congratulations, you have traveled into future.

              What if you fell into a Black Hole? If you ever happen to fall into a Black Hole, you will experience spaggetification as you reach singularity and your body will be ripped into pieces. If a person were seeing you from a distance, he would see you slowing down as you reach the event horizon and then slowly disappear. 

              If you have any doubts or clarifications comment below. This will be a two/three part series, where I will clear your doubts as well as provide more information on it.

                                                             - Blog by Daksh Bawgiker      

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